Basic Intro on Networking
💡 Common terms
ISP : An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet.
LAN : A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server.
WAN : A wide area network is a telecommunications network or computer network that extends over a large geographical distance.
Hub : It is a network hardware device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment
Switch : It is a computer networking device that connects devices together on a computer network by using packet switching to receive, process, and forward data to the destination device
💡 Speed & Data
Bit [b]: Smallest information a computer can understand
Byte [B]: 8 Bit can form a Byte
Speed always mention with Bit [b] & Data always mentioned with Byte [B]
💡 Fundamental Topology
Star : All the devices are connected to the central switch/connecting device
Ring : A topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node
Bus : A bus network is a network topology in which nodes are directly connected to a common linear (or branched) half-duplex link called a bus
Hybrid : combination of all the above topology
💡 OSI - TCP/IP Model
OSI 7 Layers
[ 128 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 ]
💡 IP Address: It's a 4 octet number and so max is 225
and contain Network field + Host Field
💡 Subnet Mask : A subnet mask separates the IP address into the network and host addresses
💡 Gateway : Uses to send information to a computer in another network or the internet, IP address and the Gateway should have been on the same network
💡 Classes : Class of IP address decided by the first octet
[ ??? : xxx : xxx : xxx ]
If First octet of IP address between
1 - 126 ➡️ Class A [ Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 ]
2 ^ 24 - 2 = 16,777,214 Hosts
Any IP address start with 127 is a Loop Back IP
128 - 191 ➡️ Class B [ Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0 ]
2 ^ 16 - 2 = 65,534 Hosts
192 - 223 ➡️ Class C [ Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 ]
2 ^ 8 - 2 = 254 Hosts
224 - 239 ➡️ Class D [ Subnet Mask [ Used for Multicast ]
240 - 255 ➡️ Class E [ Subnet Mask [ Used for experimental purposes ]
ISP : An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet.
LAN : A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server.
WAN : A wide area network is a telecommunications network or computer network that extends over a large geographical distance.
Hub : It is a network hardware device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment
Switch : It is a computer networking device that connects devices together on a computer network by using packet switching to receive, process, and forward data to the destination device
💡 Speed & Data
Bit [b]: Smallest information a computer can understand
Byte [B]: 8 Bit can form a Byte
Speed always mention with Bit [b] & Data always mentioned with Byte [B]
💡 Fundamental Topology
Star : All the devices are connected to the central switch/connecting device
Ring : A topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node
Bus : A bus network is a network topology in which nodes are directly connected to a common linear (or branched) half-duplex link called a bus
Hybrid : combination of all the above topology
💡 OSI - TCP/IP Model
OSI 7 Layers
- Physical
- Data Link
- Network
- Transport
- Session
- Presentation
- Application
TCP/IP 4 Layers
- Network Interface
- Internet
- Transport
- Application
💡 Decimal ↔️ Binary
[ 128 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 ]
💡 IP Address: It's a 4 octet number and so max is 225
and contain Network field + Host Field
💡 Subnet Mask : A subnet mask separates the IP address into the network and host addresses
💡 Gateway : Uses to send information to a computer in another network or the internet, IP address and the Gateway should have been on the same network
💡 Classes : Class of IP address decided by the first octet
[ ??? : xxx : xxx : xxx ]
If First octet of IP address between
1 - 126 ➡️ Class A [ Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 ]
2 ^ 24 - 2 = 16,777,214 Hosts
Any IP address start with 127 is a Loop Back IP
128 - 191 ➡️ Class B [ Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0 ]
2 ^ 16 - 2 = 65,534 Hosts
192 - 223 ➡️ Class C [ Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 ]
2 ^ 8 - 2 = 254 Hosts
224 - 239 ➡️ Class D [ Subnet Mask [ Used for Multicast ]
240 - 255 ➡️ Class E [ Subnet Mask [ Used for experimental purposes ]